THE PSYCHOLOGIC ASPECT OF REFRACTION

Effect of Surgical Outcome on the Psychologic Aspect of Pain

We read with great interest the recent article by Farzanegan et al. regarding the effect of lumbar discectomy on disability and depression in patients with chronic low back pain (1). Pain and depression create a vicious cycle in which pain worsens the symptoms of depression, and then the resultant depression further worsens the feeling of pain. The authors maintain that lumbar discectomy breaks...

Refraction at the Interface of a Lossy Metamaterial

The refraction phenomenon at the interface of an ordinary material and a lossy metamaterial has been investigated. For oblique incidence on the lossy metamaterial, the planes of constant amplitude of the refracted wave are parallel to the interface and the plane of constant phases make a real angle with the interface (real refraction angle). The real refraction angle and hence, the real refract...

Psychologic Study of Judicial Opinions

Psychologic aspects of chronic headache.

Chronic recurrent headache affects 45 million Americans. Despite recent advances in medical modes of therapy for headache, the underlying pathophysiology for the condition is not yet fully understood. Like other conditions for which we have no objective markers for disease, nor a clear understanding of pathophysiology, psychologic causes are suspected. Although mounting evidence suggests a bioc...

Psychologic management of the "acting out" adolescent.